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Palisade mesophyll cell

In brief

Palisade mesophyll cells belong to a leaf’s internal photosynthetic tissue. In a typical eudicot leaf they are relatively closely packed beneath the upper epidermis and contain chloroplasts. Nearby spongy mesophyll is more loosely arranged, with air spaces supporting gas exchange. Cell, tissue and organ remain distinct structural levels. [7]

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Where to check this statement

biology59-leaves
Structure of a Typical Leaf; Leaf Structure and Function; Leaf Adaptations
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On this page

A photosynthetic cell inside a leaf

Example: Arabidopsis thaliana Col-4, leaf 6, 19 days after initiation; Figure 2a, mature palisade mesophyll
Example: Arabidopsis thaliana Col-4, leaf 6, 19 days after initiation; Figure 2a, mature palisade mesophyllTeaching material · Wuyts et al. (2010) · CC-BY-2.0 · Original and attribution

The Arabidopsis optical section shows stained cell walls. It cannot establish chloroplast ultrastructure or gene expression in the pictured cells.

[1] [2]
Evidence for this statement

Source-based explanation

The Wuyts and colleagues material is from Col-4, leaf six, 19 days after initiation. This context is retained when moving from the explanation to the original figure.

[1] [2]
Evidence for this statement

Source-based explanation

What three-dimensional imaging adds

Wuyts and colleagues reconstructed Arabidopsis leaf tissues from stacks of optical sections. Their Results distinguish palisade cells from lobed spongy cells and show why one transverse view can confuse them. Several views preserve cellular context. This helps ask whether growth involves changes in cell number, dimensions or tissue organisation.

[2]
Evidence for this statement

EcoGenesis

Where to check this statement

photo-cell
Results: Tissue level growth variables were reliably measured for all layers of mesophyll tissue; Figures 2 and 6

One cell type

This page describes a palisade mesophyll cell, not the whole mesophyll tissue. The identifier PO:0006206 preserves that distinction. Links to palisade tissue and leaf lead to larger structures while keeping each concept at its own level.

[1]
Evidence for this statement

Explanation of retained sources

What the optical section shows

The Wuyts and colleagues image shows stained cell walls. Its caption identifies Arabidopsis Col-4, leaf six and 19 days after initiation. These details belong to that material; they do not determine the age of every leaf shown elsewhere in the encyclopedia.

[2]
Evidence for this statement

Explanation of retained sources

From cell to organelle

Chloroplast structure is illustrated by a separate electron micrograph with its own caption and scale. This changes source material rather than magnifying the same optical section. The PsbA record adds another level: annotation of a particular protein, not a measurement of its presence in the selected cell.

[2] [4] [5]
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Explanation of retained sources

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uniprot-P83755
Captured provider JSON; named selected record and native source versions

Connected concepts

Chloroplast

A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid. It contains thylakoids and stroma, with some thylakoids organised into stacks called grana.

[3] [4] [5]
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Source-based explanation

Where to check this statement

go-chloroplast
Captured GO ontology JSON: results[].id and definition.text
uniprot-P83755
Captured provider JSON; named selected record and native source versions
Leaf

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant. Its structure can be explored from the whole leaf to tissue, cell and chloroplast.

[1] [6]
Evidence for this statement

Source-based explanation

Continue with an organism

The photographs and molecular record come from separate source materials.

Norway spruce →Arabidopsis thaliana →

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Sources and versions

Editorial draft · human review pending

  1. Plant Ontology · 2026-01-09

    2026-09-04 · CC-BY-4.0

    Provenance and original
    Source version
    2026-01-09 / f5e2a95d88fe08af22f49e522cc78481d990a0b0
  2. Arabidopsis thaliana Col-4, leaf 6, 19 days after initiation; Figure 2a, mature palisade mesophyll

    Retrieval date unknown · CC BY 2.0

    Provenance and original
    Original SHA-256
    5510c5c1dba4162b182eed9ae054d2e97c25cc529740a5125ffcb1fd1c001b3c
    Processing
    Mature palisade panel extracted from Figure 2a; encoded as WebP. The shared scale bar is outside this panel and remains available in the full source figure.
  3. GO:0009507 · chloroplast

    2026-09-09T01:17:34.931415+00:00 · CC-BY-4.0

    Provenance and original
    Original SHA-256
    13082607c7dcc9e92cd281f1fc6a8fdf2878bceba74e9d7b6ad50d43b0ce33ba
    Processing
    Unmodified provider response; article text is an attributed educational summary.
    Version details
    QuickGO response did not supply a native ontology release; retrieval time and exact response hash retained.

    View original JSON · Download original

  4. Arabidopsis thaliana, first leaf of control seedling grown without added NaCl; Figure 3A

    Retrieval date unknown · CC BY 4.0

    Provenance and original
    Original SHA-256
    fe305c7d3a3327a06dda04c186989b5b8b6dec101bfe13aa851a3bc47dc07b14
    Processing
    Panel A extracted; original g/t annotations and 1 µm scale retained; encoded as WebP.
  5. UniProt P83755 · entry 161 / sequence 2

    2026-09-09T01:17:34.554931+00:00 · CC-BY-4.0

    Provenance and original
    Source version
    entry 161; sequence 2
    Original SHA-256
    f16a5f33fbf85a12aa5c91ab31f6092f0bbe3be874040c84c4954e87b20ae3a9
    Processing
    Unmodified provider response; article text is an attributed educational summary.
    Version details
    Provider entry/sequence versions retained.

    View original JSON · Download original

  6. Arabidopsis thaliana basal leaf; photographed 14 April 2021

    Retrieval date unknown · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Provenance and original
    Original SHA-256
    4c0da1e60a566728712e6443d8dfa11d4f4cd0084a0ef454d1262a3cdf05fa39
    Processing
    Resized and encoded as WebP; original 5 mm scale retained.
  7. Clark, Douglas & Choi · Biology 2e · 30.4 Leaves

    2026-10-01 · Terms of use on source site

    Provenance and original
    Source version
    Selected web passages checked 2026-10-01; no immutable response edition asserted
    Source reading scope
    Named background passages only; not new experimental evidence.
    Location in the original source
    Structure of a Typical Leaf; Leaf Structure and Function; Leaf Adaptations
Inspect structured data
Content version
e3f5527c624509f9cb96e4a38ea8b68d50bed5431eca7b4091d21ff28ae70463
Source version
knowledge-20260909.1
Updated
2026-10-01