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DnaA · P03004

In brief

DnaA is UniProt protein record P03004 for Escherichia coli (strain K12) (NCBI 83333). The retained sequence contains 467 amino acids. [1]

Evidence for this statement

Source annotation

Where to check this statement

uniprot-P03004
Captured UniProt JSON: primaryAccession, organism, sequence and FUNCTION comments
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Meet the protein

DnaA helps initiate bacterial chromosome replication. UniProt describes its binding to the replication origin oriC and to DNA sites called DnaA boxes. The ATP-bound form helps assemble the initiation complex and separate strands at the origin. This distinguishes starting replication from the subsequent copying of DNA by polymerases.

[1]
Evidence for this statement

Editorial synthesis

Where to check this statement

uniprot-P03004
Captured UniProt JSON: primaryAccession, organism, sequence and FUNCTION comments

The bound nucleotide matters: UniProt distinguishes ATP- and ADP-bound DnaA and their ability to initiate replication. Some structural information is inferred by similarity, so preserve the evidence for each annotation. The selected entry P03004 belongs to E. coli K-12, NCBI 83333. That identity must not be silently replaced by the particular derivative strain MG1655.

[1]
Evidence for this statement

Editorial synthesis

Where to check this statement

uniprot-P03004
Captured UniProt JSON: primaryAccession, organism, sequence and FUNCTION comments

Initiation begins at a particular DNA site

The retained entry describes DnaA binding to sites at oriC and assembling an initiation complex. The ATP-bound form supports opening of the DNA unwinding element; conversion to the ADP-bound form changes its ability to initiate replication. The source also connects subsequent events with replisome formation. DnaA therefore helps determine where and when copying can start, while DNA polymerases perform later synthesis. An explanation of initiation needs both the protein state and the DNA site, rather than protein name alone.

[1]
Evidence for this statement

EcoGenesis

Where to check this statement

uniprot-P03004
Retained UniProt JSON: comments[commentType=FUNCTION], selected accession and entry version as recorded in evidence

Teaching diagram

Evidence for this statement

EcoGenesis

    Original teaching diagram of the relationship described in the retained FUNCTION annotation; no measured rate, geometry or experimental result is shown.
    1. oriC

      The replication origin

    2. ATP-bound DnaA

      Initiation-complex formation

    3. Replisome

      Subsequent copying machinery

    • oriC → ATP-bound DnaA: connects with
    • ATP-bound DnaA → Replisome: connects with

    What is known about function

    Function and evidence from UniProt

    Inspect structured data
    Source text
    Plays an essential in the initiation and regulation of chromosomal replication. Binds in an ATP-dependent fashion to the origin of replication (oriC) to initiate formation of the DNA replication initiation complex once per cell cycle (PubMed:3036372). Binds the DnaA box (consensus sequence 5'-TTATC[CA]A[CA]A-3') and separates the double-stranded (ds)DNA (PubMed:3036372, PubMed:18216012). Forms a right-handed helical filament on oriC DNA; dsDNA binds to the exterior of the filament while single-stranded (ss)DNA is stabiized in the filament's interior (By similarity). The ATP-DnaA-oriC complex binds and stabilizes the upper strand of the AT-rich DNA unwinding element (DUE) (PubMed:18216012). Mutagenesis of residues that line the central pore blocks dsDNA strand separation (PubMed:18216012). Subsequent binding of DNA polymerase III subunits leads to replisome formation (PubMed:3036372, PubMed:18216012). The DnaA-ATP form converts to DnaA-ADP; once converted to ADP the protein cannot initiate replication, ensuring only 1 round of replication per cell cycle (PubMed:3036372). Binds ATP, ADP and dATP equally well, hydrolyzes ATP with a half-life of about 15 minutes, ATP hydrolysis is not required for pre-priming replisome formation, nucleotide exchange is very slow (PubMed:3036372). Binds acidic phospholipids (PubMed:9478970, PubMed:26272946). DnaA inhibits its own gene expression (PubMed:2981626) as well as that of other genes including dam, rpoH (PubMed:2540187), ftsA and mioC
    Source language
    en
    evidence codes
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000250
      Source
      UniProtKB
      id
      O66659
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      18216012
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      2540187
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      26272946
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      2981626
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      3036372
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      9478970
    [1]
    Evidence for this statement

    Source annotation

    Where to check this statement

    uniprot-P03004
    Captured UniProt JSON: comments[commentType=FUNCTION] and attached evidence codes

    Evidence codes qualify the annotation. This record is not a measurement of an illustrated specimen.

    Function and evidence from UniProt

    Inspect structured data
    Source text
    Also required for replication of some plasmid DNA; binds 4 DnaA boxes in the minimal plasmid RK2 replication origin (oriV)
    Source language
    en
    evidence codes
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      15878847
    • evidenceCode
      ECO:0000269
      Source
      PubMed
      id
      9242693
    [1]
    Evidence for this statement

    Source annotation

    Where to check this statement

    uniprot-P03004
    Captured UniProt JSON: comments[commentType=FUNCTION] and attached evidence codes

    Evidence codes qualify the annotation. This record is not a measurement of an illustrated specimen.

    Sequence and version

    P03004

    Inspect structured data
    accession
    P03004
    name
    Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA
    length
    467
    entry version
    211
    sequence version
    2
    Sequence
    MSLSLWQQCLARLQDELPATEFSMWIRPLQAELSDNTLALYAPNRFVLDWVRDKYLNNIN
GLLTSFCGADAPQLRFEVGTKPVTQTPQAAVTSNVAAPAQVAQTQPQRAAPSTRSGWDNV
PAPAEPTYRSNVNVKHTFDNFVEGKSNQLARAAARQVADNPGGAYNPLFLYGGTGLGKTH
LLHAVGNGIMARKPNAKVVYMHSERFVQDMVKALQNNAIEEFKRYYRSVDALLIDDIQFF
ANKERSQEEFFHTFNALLEGNQQIILTSDRYPKEINGVEDRLKSRFGWGLTVAIEPPELE
TRVAILMKKADENDIRLPGEVAFFIAKRLRSNVRELEGALNRVIANANFTGRAITIDFVR
EALRDLLALQEKLVTIDNIQKTVAEYYKIKVADLLSKRRSRSVARPRQMAMALAKELTNH
SLPEIGDAFGGRDHTTVLHACRKIEQLREESHDIKEDFSNLIRTLSS
    [1]
    Evidence for this statement

    Source annotation

    Where to check this statement

    uniprot-P03004
    Captured UniProt JSON: sequence.value, sequence.length, sequenceVersion and entryVersion

    Genes and domains

    Cross-references supplied by UniProt

    Inspect structured data
    gene symbols
    • dnaA
    gene crossreferences
    • database
      GeneID
      id
      93778443
      properties
      • key
        Description
        value
        -
    • database
      GeneID
      id
      948217
      properties
      • key
        Description
        value
        -
    interpro domains
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR003593
      name
      AAA+_ATPase
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR001957
      name
      Chromosome_initiator_DnaA
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR020591
      name
      Chromosome_initiator_DnaA-like
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR018312
      name
      Chromosome_initiator_DnaA_CS
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR013159
      name
      DnaA_C
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR013317
      name
      DnaA_dom
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR024633
      name
      DnaA_N_dom
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR038454
      name
      DnaA_N_sf
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR027417
      name
      P-loop_NTPase
    • Provider
      interpro
      accession
      IPR010921
      name
      Trp_repressor/repl_initiator
    [1]
    Evidence for this statement

    Source annotation

    Where to check this statement

    uniprot-P03004
    Captured UniProt JSON: genes, features and cross-references

    A database cross-reference does not replace assembly and strain checks. P03004 belongs to K12 (83333); the prior gene profile belongs to MG1655 (511145). These taxa are not merged.

    GO function annotations

    A sample with evidence codes

    Inspect structured data

    Shown / materialized / in provider response: 12 / 54 / 54

    GO
    GOEvidencePublication or ruleAssigned by
    GO:0006260
    DNA replication
    Biological Process    		ECO:0000315
    acts_upstream_of_or_within    		PMID:12068813EcoliWiki
    20100503
    GO:0006275
    regulation of DNA replication
    Biological Process    		ECO:0000315
    acts_upstream_of_or_within    		PMID:12068813EcoliWiki
    20100503
    GO:0003677
    DNA binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000256
    enables    		GO_REF:0000002InterPro
    20260727
    GO:0003677
    DNA binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000314
    enables    		PMID:7615570EcoCyc
    20110629
    GO:0003688
    DNA replication origin binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000318
    enables    		GO_REF:0000033GO_Central
    20260424
    GO:0003688
    DNA replication origin binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000501
    enables    		GO_REF:0000120UniProt
    20260727
    GO:0003688
    DNA replication origin binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000315
    enables    		PMID:19833870EcoCyc
    20110629
    GO:0005515
    protein binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000353
    enables    		PMID:10972842IntAct
    20260725
    GO:0005515
    protein binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000353
    enables    		PMID:15690043IntAct
    20260725
    GO:0005515
    protein binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000353
    enables    		PMID:15690043IntAct
    20260725
    GO:0005515
    protein binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000353
    enables    		PMID:17699754IntAct
    20260725
    GO:0005515
    protein binding
    Molecular Function    		ECO:0000353
    enables    		PMID:18179598IntAct
    20260725
    [2]
    Evidence for this statement

    Source annotation

    Where to check this statement

    quickgo-P03004-1
    Captured QuickGO annotation results: GO ID, qualifier, evidenceCode, reference, assignedBy and date; limited returned pages

    These are source annotations, not independent proof of a causal mechanism. The complete captured responses are available as originals.

    Research cited by the protein record

    Bibliographic records

    Inspect structured data
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-6296774
      title
      The nucleotide sequence of the dnaA gene and the first part of the dnaN gene of Escherichia coli K-12.
      pmid
      6296774
      doi
      10.1093/nar/10.22.7373
      year
      1982
      authors
      • Hansen E.B.
      • Hansen F.G.
      • von Meyenburg K.
      journal
      Nucleic Acids Res.
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-6234204
      title
      Structural analysis of the dnaA and dnaN genes of Escherichia coli.
      pmid
      6234204
      doi
      10.1016/0378-1119(84)90253-1
      year
      1984
      authors
      • Ohmori H.
      • Kimura M.
      • Nagata T.
      • Sakakibara Y.
      journal
      Gene
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-7686882
      title
      DNA sequence and analysis of 136 kilobases of the Escherichia coli genome: organizational symmetry around the origin of replication.
      pmid
      7686882
      doi
      10.1006/geno.1993.1230
      year
      1993
      authors
      • Burland V.D.
      • Plunkett G. III
      • Daniels D.L.
      • Blattner F.R.
      journal
      Genomics
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-9278503
      title
      The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.
      pmid
      9278503
      doi
      10.1126/science.277.5331.1453
      year
      1997
      authors
      • Blattner F.R.
      • Plunkett G. III
      • Bloch C.A.
      • Perna N.T.
      • Burland V.
      • Riley M.
      • Collado-Vides J.
      • Glasner J.D.
      • Rode C.K.
      • Mayhew G.F.
      • Gregor J.
      • Davis N.W.
      • Kirkpatrick H.A.
      • Goeden M.A.
      • Rose D.J.
      • Mau B.
      • Shao Y.
      journal
      Science
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-16738553
      title
      Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110.
      pmid
      16738553
      doi
      10.1038/msb4100049
      year
      2006
      authors
      • Hayashi K.
      • Morooka N.
      • Yamamoto Y.
      • Fujita K.
      • Isono K.
      • Choi S.
      • Ohtsubo E.
      • Baba T.
      • Wanner B.L.
      • Mori H.
      • Horiuchi T.
      journal
      Mol. Syst. Biol.
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-6329723
      title
      The nucleotide sequence of the dnaA gene promoter and of the adjacent rpmH gene, coding for the ribosomal protein L34, of Escherichia coli.
      pmid
      6329723
      doi
      10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01294.x
      year
      1982
      authors
      • Hansen F.G.
      • Hansen E.B.
      • Atlung T.
      journal
      EMBO J.
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-2981626
      title
      Autoregulation of the DNA replication gene dnaA in E. coli K-12.
      pmid
      2981626
      doi
      10.1016/0092-8674(85)90319-8
      year
      1985
      authors
      • Braun R.E.
      • O'Day K.
      • Wright A.
      journal
      Cell
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-3036372
      title
      ATP activates dnaA protein in initiating replication of plasmids bearing the origin of the E. coli chromosome.
      pmid
      3036372
      doi
      10.1016/0092-8674(87)90221-2
      year
      1987
      authors
      • Sekimizu K.
      • Bramhill D.
      • Kornberg A.
      journal
      Cell
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-2540187
      title
      dnaA protein regulates transcriptions of the rpoH gene of Escherichia coli.
      pmid
      2540187
      doi
      10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83238-0
      year
      1989
      authors
      • Wang Q.P.
      • Kaguni J.M.
      journal
      J. Biol. Chem.
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-9478970
      title
      Membrane-mediated release of nucleotide from an initiator of chromosomal replication, Escherichia coli DnaA, occurs with insertion of a distinct region of the protein into the lipid bilayer.
      pmid
      9478970
      doi
      10.1074/jbc.273.9.5167
      year
      1998
      authors
      • Garner J.
      • Durrer P.
      • Kitchen J.
      • Brunner J.
      • Crooke E.
      journal
      J. Biol. Chem.
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-9674428
      title
      The initiator function of DnaA protein is negatively regulated by the sliding clamp of the E. coli chromosomal replicase.
      pmid
      9674428
      doi
      10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81222-2
      year
      1998
      authors
      • Katayama T.
      • Kubota T.
      • Kurokawa K.
      • Crooke E.
      • Sekimizu K.
      journal
      Cell
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    • Source
      uniprot
      id
      P03004-citation-9298644
      title
      Escherichia coli proteome analysis using the gene-protein database.
      pmid
      9298644
      doi
      10.1002/elps.1150180805
      year
      1997
      authors
      • VanBogelen R.A.
      • Abshire K.Z.
      • Moldover B.
      • Olson E.R.
      • Neidhardt F.C.
      journal
      Electrophoresis
      Reuse status
      metadata_only
      Source URL
      https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P03004.json
      Source snapshot SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
    [1]
    Evidence for this statement

    Source annotation

    Where to check this statement

    uniprot-P03004
    Captured UniProt JSON: references and citation cross-references

    Only metadata is shown. Article text has a separate reuse decision.

    How to read these records

    Organism in the UniProt record

    Escherichia coli (strain K12) · NCBI 83333Scientific profile →

    Your research question

    Save the article to return to your question and this source version.

    Plan a test

    This is your research plan. Completing these fields does not confirm a hypothesis.

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    Sources and versions

    Editorial draft · human review pending

    1. UniProt Consortium · P03004

      2026-09-09T03:19:40.940804+00:00 · CC-BY-4.0

      Provenance and original
      Source version
      entry 211; sequence 2
      Original SHA-256
      20b9ed0385942a0aebc3645f0f499a77e9aab0741218e2327ee80b6ae7590dca
      Processing
      Unmodified provider response; selected fields are projected into the document.
      Version details
      Native entry and sequence versions retained.

      View original JSON · Download original

    2. Gene Ontology Consortium / QuickGO · UniProtKB:P03004

      2026-09-09T03:20:28.660556+00:00 · CC-BY-4.0

      Provenance and original
      Original SHA-256
      30a929f57c0f50a1fe5ae1509981b7f62b7e077f02ef20ea6320183d3865f8ac
      Processing
      Unmodified provider response; selected fields are projected into the document.
      Version details
      No native GO release was supplied; exact response hash and retrieval time are retained.

      View original JSON · Download original

    Inspect structured data
    Content version
    4b1dedcd33ab72cb8bf6a40bbfeaf9f1a5a6c6a7731c8581a0cbd5a7b5ad49db
    Source version
    research-20260909.1
    Updated
    2026-10-01